Epi Model 1

30 cards·by audrey

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epidemiology definition

study of what is upon the people

Key aspects of epidemiology

distribution, determinants, health phenomena, and populations

health phenomena

typically physical or mental in origin and behaviorally- or socially-oriented

Clostridium difficile

transmitted between fecal-oral interaction through a contaminated environment or the hands of healthcare workers

Who focuses on the treatment of an individual?

clinicians

Who focuses on the health of populations?

Epidemiologists

Distribution

person, place and time

Endemic

a disease that exists permanently in a population ex. malaria

epidemic

when the frequency of a particular disease exceeds its usual rate ex. obesity

Pandemic

an epidemic that occurs on a worldwide scale ex. Flu of 1918

Morbidity

to the occurrence of the disease

mortality

death

determinants

factors or events that can change health

Examples of determinants

genetic factors; biologic agents, chemical agents; behavioral factors; social environmental factors

epidemiology focuses its efforts to

describe, explain, predict, and control health phenomena in a population

Where did epidemiology begin?

In ancient Greece over 2000 years ago

Hippocrates

one of the fathers of modern medicine, was the first to suggest that disease processes could beinfluenced by the environment

John Snow

a father of modern epidemiology; correctly identified the mode of transmission of cholera and, in turn, intervene to stop its spread

Robert Koch

identified the bacillus that caused cholera and confirmed its transmission to human beings primarily through water

What are some more things that Robert Koch is known for?

He - studied the causes of insect-borne diseases, like malaria, in Africa and is well-known for his illuminating work in Europe on anthrax a

Ronald Ross

demonstrated that malaria was transmitted to humans through the bite of a mosquito

Sir Bradford Hill and Sir Richard Doll

they conducted some of the first studies that explored the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer.

Dr. C. Everett Koop

Surgeon General was well known for his strong and often controversial stands on tobacco, HIV/AIDS, and abortion, also advocated for sex educ

Surgeon General

America's chief health educator; provides US citizens the best scientific info on how to improve their health and reduce health risks

Jonathan Mann

the founding director of the WHO Global AIDS Program

the top three causes of death in the United States in 1900

infectious diseases: (1) pneumonia, (2) tuberculosis, and (3) diarrhea

the leading causes of death in the United States in 2004

chronic diseases: (1) heart disease, (2) cancer, and (3) stroke,

Public health surveillance

the systematic collection and analysis of data pertaining to the occurrence of specific diseases

examples of risk factors

tobacco use and obesity

Sub-disciplines within epidemiology

cancer, social, and genetic epidemiology