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Biotechnology
biotech
63 cards·by 18grafar
What is Biotechnology?
Biotechnology is using scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from
organisms.
Naturally occurring differences within a species
variability
Moving genetic material from one chromosome to another
recombinant DNA
What is animal Biotech?
is the use of animals
Human Medicine
is area that deals with human health
Veterinary Medicine
is a branch that deals with health of animals other than humans.
What is Biopharming?
Biopharming is the production of pharmaceuticals in cultured organisms.
What is a therapeutant?
A therapeutant is a product used to maintain health or disease.
How traits are passed from parents to offspring
heredity
Selective Breeding
tries to establish and maintain certain stable traits that animals will pass to next
generation
Advantages to Selective breeding
Getting desired traits, Can make species stronger
Disadvantages of Selective Breeding
inbreeding depression, breeding from too small a gene pool can lead to undesirable
characteristic, or collapse of breed population
What is Modern Biotech?
manipulation of genetic material within an organism
a mass of undifferentiated plant cells
callus
What is heterozygous?
two different alleles (hybrid)
cell receiving "new" DNA
transformed cell
What is artificial selection?
individuals with desirable traits, matted to produce offspring with those traits
What is hybridization?
process of animal or plant breeding with individual of other species
What is an autoclave?
steam sterilizer that uses pressure
What is laminar flow hood
small work environment helps provide aseptic conditions
What is an aseptic environment, and how can you create one?
aseptic environment is area free of microbes. Washing surfaces, autoclave, flaming, flow
hood.
What is a fungi?
fungi are complex eukaryotic organism that is spread through sporeg. production
What is yeast?
is a single celled fungi
What is a virus?
organisms that invade cells and alter cellular function
What is bacteria?
a single celled prokaryote
What is a germ?
general name given to microorganism
What is a microorganism (microbe)
a living organism that is not normally seen with the naked eye.
What is disinfection?
removing potential disease causing microbes
What is sanitization
reducing level of microbe contamination to an acceptable level.
What is sterilization?
sterilization is destruction of all microbes
What is a sterilant?
is the agent that kills microbes
What is aseptic technique?
taking action to have an environment free of germs
act of "sticking" two pieces of DNA together
ligation
cell responsible for providing chromosomal DNA for recipient cell
donor cell
Who is gregor mendel?
formulated basic laws of heredity
Who is Johann Friedrick Miescher?
isolated nuclei of white blood cells
What is research?
use of systematic methods to answer questions.
What is development?
Development is creation of new products or methods based on findings of research?
What is a prototype?
is a research model carefully tested
gene that identifies which organisms have been successfully transformed
marker gene
moving a gene from one organism to another
gene transfer
produced first model of DNA structure
James Watson and Frances Crick
What is ancient biotech?
early history of human civilization, important developments in ag. and food production
What is classical biotech?
used methods of ancient biotech
examples of molecular biotech?
GMO, DNA cloning
What is genetic engineering?
genetic engineering is changing genetic info. in a cell
preperation, use, and effect of drugs
pharmacology
What does transgenic mean?
genetic material in organism have been altered
molecular biotechnology
changing the genetic makeup of an organism
alexander flemming
penicillin
examples of biotech
medicine, agriculture, forestry,food, beverage, and environment.
examples of organismic biotech
domestication of animals, corn, selective breeding
medicine
art and science of promoting health among living organisms
what is a biopharmaceutical?
drug or vaccine developed through biotech.
plant biotech
use of biotech to improve plants and products for plants.
study of heredity and living organisms
genetics
adapting organisms that grow wild so they can be cultured
domestication
what is environmental biotech?
promoting good environment
what is cloning?
is the process of producing new organisms from cells or tissue from existing organisms
what is a genotype?
genes of an organism for one specific trait
What is a phenotype?
physical appearance of a trait in an organism
organismic biotechnology
working with complete intact organisms or their cells
free-floating DNA found in cytoplasm of bacteria
plasmid