Lom 5 Pathology of the Digestive system

etiology (eti/o= cause) if not understood called idiopathic (idi/o= unknown)

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anorexia

lack of appetite. (-orexia=appetite) due to emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. Eating disorder

ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. Occurs when fluid passes from the bloodstream to the peritoneal cavity.

borborygmus (plural: boborygmi)

noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract. Sign of hyperactive intestinal peristalsis

constipation

difficulty in passing stools (feces). When peristalsis is slow, stools are dry and hard. Laxatives and cathartics medication helpful

Diarrhea

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. acute infection or toxin in the gastrointestinal tract. leads to dehydration. Antidiarrheal drugs

dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing. By obstructive dysphagia or or motor dysphagia

eructation

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. Belching.

Flatus

gas expelled through the anus. Flatulence

Hematochezia

bright red blood from the rectum. Bleeding due to colitis or from ulcers or polyps in the colon or rectum.

jaundice (icterus)

Yellow orange coloration of the skin and whites of the caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. ( hyperbilirubinemia)

Melena

black tarry stools, feces that contain digested blood. bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (duodenal ulcer). stool guaiac testing needed

nausea

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit. sea, motion sickness, pregnancy. symptomatic of a perforation.

steatorrhea

fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter. can indicate pancreatitis enzymes are not produced, also intestinal disease