Biology Chapter 8

20 cards·by kchmael

asexual reproduction

doesn't involve sperm

sexual reproduction

it requires fertilization of an egg by sperm

interphase

a time when a cell preforms its normal functions within the orgasim

mitosis

the nucleus and its contents, most importantly the duplicated chromosomes, divide and evenly distribute, and form two daughter nucli

mitotic spindle

a football shaped structure of microtubules, that guides the separation of 2 sets of daughter chromosomes

prophase

beginning phase of mitosis

metaphase

the second phase of mitosis

anaphase

the second to last phase of mitosis

telophase

last stage of mitosis; when the cells are separated

cytokinesis

the division of cytoplasm into two different cells

cleavage furrow

an indentation at the equator of the cell

cell plate

the vesicles fuse, forming membranous disks

cell cycle

the ordered sequence of events that extends from the time the cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division

chromosomes

the structures that contain most of the cells DNA

chromatin

fibers completely composed of roughly equal amounts of DNA and protein molecules

centrosome

spindle microtubules grow from structures within the cytoplasm

histones

small proteins; found only in eukaryotes

nucleosome

"bead"; consist of DNA wound around histone molecules

sister chromatids

each chromosome consist of two copies; contain identical genes

centromere

"waist"; where the two sister chromatids join