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endocrine system
biology
54 cards·by sydneyc
what hormone does the hypothalamus release?
anti-diuretic hormone
what hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary release?
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone,
folliclestimulatinghormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone
what hormone does the posterior lobe of the pituitary store and release?
anti-diuretic hormone
what hormone does the pineal release?
melatonin
what hormone does the thyroid release?
thyroid hormone
what hormone does the parathyroid release?
parathyroid hormone
what hormone does the thymus release?
thymosin
what hormones does the pancreas release?
insulin and glucagon
what hormones does the adrenal cortex release?
aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, and estrogens
what hormones does the adrenal medulla release?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what hormones do the ovaries release?
inhibin and progesterone
what hormones do the testes release?
inhibin and testosterone
what is the target organ of anti-diuretic hormone?
the kidney
what is the principle effect of anti-diuretic hormone?
water retention
what is the target organ of TSH?
the thyroid gland
what is the principle effect of TSH?
the growth of the thyroid and secretion of TH
what is the target organ of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?
the adrenal cortex
what is the principle effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone?
the growth of the adrenal cortex and secretion of glucocorticoids
what is the target organ of FSH?
the gonads
what is the principle effect of FSH?
sperm production, growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
what is the target organ of luteinizing hormone?
the gonads
what is the principle effect of luteinizing hormone?
ovulation, maintanence of corpus luteum, testosterone and estrogen
what is the target organ of melatonin?
the brain
what is the principle effect of melatonin?
influences mood, sleep cycle, and circadian rhythms
what is the target organ of the thyroid hormone?
most tissues
what is the principle effect of the thyroid hormone?
increase metabolism and heat
what is the target organ of the parathyroid hormone?
bone, kidneys, small intestine
what is the principle effect of the parathyroid hormone?
increase blood calcium levels by resorption and decreasing urinary excretion of calcium
what is the target organ of thymosin?
the t lymphocytes
what is the principle effect of thymosin?
stimulate t cell development and activity
what is the target organ of insulin?
most tissues
what is the principle effect of insulin?
stimulate glucose uptake, decrease blood sugar
what is the target organ of glucagon?
the liver
what is the principle effect of glucagon?
stimulate gluconeogenesis, release glucose into circulation
what is the target organ of aldosterone?
the kidney
what is the principle effect of aldosterone?
promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion, maintain blood pressure and volume
what is the target organ of cortisol?
most tissues
what is the principle effect of cortisol?
stimulate fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance
what is the target organ of androgens?
bone, muscle, integument
what is the principle effect of androgens?
growth of pubic and axillary hair, bone growth, sex drive
what is the target organ of estrogens?
many tissues of mother and fetus
what is the principle effect of estrogens?
stimulate fetal development, preparation for lactation
what is the target organ of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
most tissues
what is the principle effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
adaptive responses to arousal and stress
what is the target organ of inhibin?
the anterior pituitary
what is the principle effect of inhibin?
inhibits FSH secretion
what is the target organ of progesterone?
uterus, mammary glands
what is the principle effect of progesterone?
regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy, preparation for lactation
what is the target organ of testosterone?
many tissues
what is the principle effect of testosterone?
stimulate reproductive development, skeletomuscular growth, sperm production, sex drive
what is the endocrine system?
glands that transmit chemical messengers throughout the body
what are hormones?
chemical messengers that circulate in the bloodstream and affect many types of body cells
what are exocrine glands?
glands that secrete nonhormonal chemicals into ducts, which transport the chemicals to
specific locations inside and outside the body
what are endocrine glands?
ductless glands that are located throughout the body and secrete hormones into the
bloodstream through the fluid that surrounds their cells