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Science
Rocks and weathering
31 cards·by Amanda555
What is mechanical weathering?
Physically broken into smaller pieces, but not chemically changed.
What is Permeable?
A material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through. (floam)
What is erosion?
The removal of rock particles by, wind, water, ice or gravity.
What is oxidation?
Iron combines with oxygen when exposed to water and produces rust.
How does water weather rock?
By dissolving it.
What is chemical weathering?
The process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes. (water, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, living organisms, acid rain)
What does humus do for the soil?
By creating space for air and water, and it contains nutrients
What is soil made of?
Rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, air
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What is loam?
Soil that is made of clay, sand and silt
How does texture influence plant growth?
It determines how slowly or quickly water will drain though the soil
What is the texture based on?
Size of the individual soil particles
What is fertility?
A measure of how well soil supports plant growth
How many horizons are there?
Three
How does soil form?
When bedrock is broken down by weathering, it mixes with other materials on the surface
Two most important factors that determine the rate at which weathering occurs?
The type of rock, and the climate
What are the mid western soil types?
Northern forest soils, Prarie soils
How do living organisms weather rock?
As their roots grow, they produce a weak acid that slowly dissolves the rock
What is weathering?
The process that breaks down rock and other substances on earth's surface
Why does rock wether because of oxidation?
Rock that contains Iron will rust and become soft and crumbly
What is a rock that weathers quickly?
It dissolves quickly in water, it is permeable
Where are permeable rocks found?
Hot and wet climates
What is Topsoil, Subsoil and Horizon C?
1.Crumbly, dark: humus clay 2. Washed down "A": clay and humus 3. Partly weathered rock
What three compounds produced from burning fossil fuels chemically react with water vapor to
produce acid rain?
1. Sulfur 2. Carbon 3. Nitrogen
How does Carbon Dioxide weather rock?
It dissolves rain water and turns into weak carbonic acid
What are two weak types of rock?
1. Marble 2. Limestone
Soil types are classified into what three groups?
Climates, plants, soil composition
What two things do living organisms do for the soil?
1. Make humus 2. Make space for air and water
What is a litter?
A loose layer of plant leaves contributing to the organic remains that form humus
What are decomposers?
Organisms that live in the soil turning dead organic material into humus
Which animal is the most important decomposer?
Earthworm, It decomposes ans mixes the soil