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GEOLOGY EXAM
Chapter 4,5,6 & 11
20 cards·by legacy-6481678767751168@noemail.invalid
What is the difference between Magma and Lava?
Magma is the molten rock below the surface, whereas lava is magma that ACTUALLY reaches the
surface
What is a Pyroclastic Material
When magma is forcefully ejected into the atmosphere
What are the two ways Igneous rocks are formed?
1. when magma/lava cools & crystalizes to form a mineral. 2. Pyroclastic materials are
consolidated
What are the compositions of magma?
1. Felsic- silicon rich. 2. mafic. silica poor. 3.Intermediate mix of felsic and mafic
What does Bowen's reaction theory say?
it describes how different minerals crystallize at different temperatures
What is the Origins of magma
geothermal gradient- fathers temp increate with depth. Mantle plume- hot mantel rock that
rises near the core
What is assimilation?
when magma reacts with preexisting rock called country rock with which it comes in contact
with
What are the Igneous Rock Textures and what do they mean?
aphnaic- small grains, phaneritic- big grains, porphyritic- varies in size
What are Dikes,sills, laccoth, batholiths
Dike- discordant, cuts across layers, sills- cordanat, intrude parallel layers, Laccoth-
spread laterally, Batholith- big pool of magma
What is volcanism
the process where magma rises through earths crust and forced at the surface as lava flows
What are the types of Volcanos
shield, cinder,compost,lava domes
How is Earths Material Altered?
Differential weathering, mechanical weathering, chemical weathering
What is mechanical weathering?
When physical forces break earths materials into smaller pieces
What is Chemical Weathering?
Decomposes rocks by chemical alteration, changes the composition of weathered material
How does soil form?
water and climate (temp)
What is the stages of soil weathering?
1. Immature soil, 2. young soil, and 3. mature soil
what is the process of sedentary structures?
As turbidity currents slow largest particles settle followed by the smaller particles
What are the sources of Sedimentary rocks
weathering, erosion, water, wind
What is Mass Wasting
Downslope movement of material under the force of gravity
What are the factors of mass wasting?
Gravitational force, slope angle, weather and climate, vegetation, geology, overloading