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Botany
Final
58 cards·by Susie
Using tree rings what can you learn about the life of tree
Stress, drought
What is heartwood
Centermost region
Is heartwood functional
It is functional for support
Document released that medicinal plants could be determined by morphology (shape)
The Doctrine of signatures
Approx what % of prescription drugs are derived from plant derived chemicals
25%
What is ethnobotany
The study of the use of plants in their native areas.
Why is ethnobotany important
we can discover new plants & potential medicine from these plants
Name 2 main categories of secondary plant products
Glycosides and Alkaloids
Coffee is second to _____ as the world's most widely traded commodity
oil
For the best quality teas, only the ___ and ___ of each branch are harvested
terminal bud and top 2 leaves
___ is a naturally occuring alkaloid in coffee & tea
caffeine
Research shows that ____ is green tea interfere with a key enzyme needed for what type of
disease
polyphenols
What product was first derived from willow trees
Aspirin precursor
why are secondary plant products important
alkaloids-, pain relief glycosides-treat heart failure
what are 2 main types of secondary plant products
alkaloids & glycosides
2 products from alkaloids & glycosides
opium poppy-pain relief digitalis-heart failure
why is sun coffee being grown
higher yield
what are ecologists concerned about sun coffee
Increased need for fertilizer & pesticides
a coffee bean is a
seed
a compound found in green tea for treating disease
polyphenols
why do some growers of theobroma cacao seeing a decrease in pod yield if the grow it outside
theamazon basin
Lack of natural pollinators
List 1 positive & 1 negative impact that fungi have on plants
Positive-Food (seaweed) Negative-Blooms cause oxygen depletion
are fungi considered plants
No-photosynthetic like plants
Most fungi are saprotrophic. What does that mean & how is it important in ecosystems
Decomposes dead matter. Can breakdown most organic compounds including lignin
What are hyphae
Thread like filaments in multicellular fungi
What is the cell wall of the fungi composed of. Why is this important in the function of the fungi
cell wall primarily chitin. Ridged structure for support for invading substitute
Name the importance of members of club fungi and sac fungi to us
penicillin
what is ectomycorrhizae and why is it important to plants. What does fungus get in exchange
aids in absorption of minerals & water. They tolerate pollution better & need less fertilizer
What are rusts & smuts
Take nutrients from living cells
How could you recognize if a tree has dutch elm disease
Leaves of upper branch of the tree start to wither & yellow in summer
How could you recognize chinese blight disease
Small orange-brown area on th ebark of a branch. sunken canker may form on the bark may split
Name 2 positives of algae
Base of food chains-food (seaweed)
Name 2 negatives of algae
blooms cause oxygen depletion-some produce toxins kill fish
What do algae have to live in water
they lack a waxy cuticle
Whre are the important to ecosystems in general & ultimately to us
very important photosynthesisers & important to Earths ecology
Why are diatoms important
vitally important producers
what is the concern of a dinoflagellte bloom
Redtide-blooms that involve toxins & rapidly increase algae
Red algae produces carrageenan. what is it
Making ice cream
Name 3 parts of kelp
thallus, stipe & holdfast
Why is kelp able to stand up
They contain gas filled bladders within the blades making them stand up
Algae is being researched as a potential biofuel why?
Algae has 70% biomass is usable oil. Benefits does not compete for land & space as others. Algae
can survive is water of high salt content
What is wood made of
xylem
What is a component of a tree cell wall that makes it so strong
cellulose & lignin. Cell walls have more lignin in hardwood
what is the thin line of cells that is responsible for making more tree secondary xylem & phloem
Vascular cambium
using tree rings what is something you could learn about the life of a tree
stress, drought
What is heartwood
centermost region
Is heartwood functional
Yes it is functional for support
Name an industrially important softwood & hardwood
Douglas fir for soft & oak for hard
What are laticifers
Specialized cells or ducts that secrete thick fluid.
What do laticifers produce
chewing gum
question
answer
WHere do the best resins come from
Conifers & tropical plants
How are resins important to trees
Prevent disease
what is an example of resin
Pitch-used for waterproofing
What is cork
Bark of evergreen oak-phloem
To make high quality paper what needs removed
Lignin because it turns the paper yellow over time
Why is bleaching of pump on environmental problem
It creates dioxin a toxic substance
What trees are being used to remove the need for bleaching
poplar trees