Chapter 37 & 45 12/06

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Physical

Color- yellow, amber, red Appearance-clear, cloudy

Chemical

1. Proteins 2. Ph 3. Blood 4. Ketones

Microscopic

1. WBC 2. RBC 3. Crystals

Specific gravity

The density of urine (1.010-1.030)

Ph ranges

4.6-7.9

Time of day urine is most concentrated

Morning (8 hours specimen)

Automated chemical analyzer

Uses light photometry to obtain urine chemical values in the test strip

Bilirubin in urine

Breakdown of hemaglobin

Two hour postprandial

After a meal

Turbidity

Cloudy urine-bacterial infection

Human chorinotic gonadotropin

hcG- produced by placenta during pregnancy

Quality control measures

1. Routine schedule 2. Follow protocol 3. Documents to be kept in log

Test results for UTI

Ph is higher than 7.5

No needed for test

At least 10 ml

Polyuria

Excessive urination

Fruity smelling urine

Diabetics

Adhesive urine specimen bag

Babies-goes in diaper

24 hour specimen

Pregnant women gave to collect urine for 24 hour period

Hematuria

Blood in urine

GFR

Glomerular filtration rate-checks for albumin in urine

Supropubic specimen

Physician inserts needle into the abdomen above pubic bone into the bladder

Steps for female midstream specimen

1. Spread labia 2. clean side to side and front to back 3. Urinate intoilet first then stop 4. Urine in sterile con until 2/3 full

Clean catch in peds

Sample bag

24 hour urine

Oral and written instructions

Urin specimen after a meal

2 hour postpremial

Specific gravity

Normally 1.010

Characteristics of urine

Physical, chemical, microscopic