Public Speaking

the public speaker

a verbal or nonverbal symbol for an idea or image

the content of a speech and the mode of its delivery

to translate verbal or nonverbal symbols into ideas and images

the visual auditory means by which a message is transmitted from sender to receiver

a listener or an audience member

physical sounds that interfere with communication

physiological and psychological interference with communication

verbal and nonverbal responses provided by an audience to speaker

the environment or situation in which a speech occurs

analyzing information to judge its accuracy and relevance

the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal

the delivery of an already famous speech

the expression of emotion through posture,movement,gesture,facial expression,and voice

Invention,arrangement,style,memory,delivery

a behavior,such as flag burning, that is viewed by law as nonverbal communication and is subject to the same protections and limitations as

speech that is responsible,honest,and tolerant

sensitivity to the feelings,needs,interests,and backgrounds of other people

presenting someone else's words or ideas as though they were one's own

failing to give credit for compelling phrases taken from another source

the overarching goal of a speech- to inform,pursuade,entertain

a concise statement of the desired audience response

a one sentence summary of the speech content

the key points of a speech

the development or discovery of ideas and insights

the organization and arrangement of ideas and illustrations

comfortable listening to others express feelings and emotions

prefers information that is well organized,brief,and precise

prefers messages that are supported with facts and details

prefers to evaluate messages

making judgements about the conclusions presented in what you see,hear and read

information that is proven to be true by direct observation

a conclusion based on partial information,idea,and arguments, presented by a speaker

a formal system of rules used to reach a conclusion

the process of drawing a conclusion from evidence

the process of using a method or standards to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of messages

individual achievement is emphasized more than group achievement

group achievement is more than individual achievement

the context of the message is valued more than words

the words in a message are valued more than context

people can accept ambiguity

people want specifics and dislike ambiguity

status and power differences are emphasized; roles and chains of command are defined clearly

status and power differences are less emphazied;leadershp is not wanted just equality

time is abundant, and accomplishing goals may take considerable time

time is an important resource

a person's perceived importance and influence based on income,occupation,and education level

a specific segment of an audience that you most want to influence

examining the attitudes,beliefs,values,and other psychological information about an audience in order to develop a clear & effective message

likes or dislike

perception of what is true or false

enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong

the process of examining information about those who are expected to listen to a speech

organization based on location or direction

cues about the relationships between a speaker's ideas

a statement in the introduction of what the main ideas of the speech will be

a statement in the body that introduces and outlines ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses

a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker has finished discussing one iea and is moving another

a word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas

comparisons between two things

relevant stories

testimoney or quotations from someone else

a statement that shows how something works

an opinion or description offered by a non expert who has firsthand experience

an opinion or description by a writer who speaks in a memorable and often poetic way

magnitude,proximity,concreteness,variety,humor,suitability

arrangement of the natural divisions in a central idea according to recency,primacy,complexity,or the speaker's discretion

most to least important

least to most important

simple to more complex

a facial expression,vocal cue,or physical movement that indicates that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next

a recap of what has been said

a statement of the main ideas of a speech,occuring near the end of the speech

a restatement in the body of a speech of the ideas that have been developed so far

a detailed outline of a speech that includes the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material

a brief outline used when a speech is delivered

using geometric shapes to sketch how all the main ideas,subpoints,and supporting material of a speech relate to the central idea and 2 1otha

numbered and lettered headings and subheadings

time,audience size,location,and occassion

numbered and lettered headings and subheadings

examination of the time,audience size,locaion and occasion

the central idea of a speech plus a preview of the main ideas

a list of potential resources to be used in the preparation of a speech

wording of a specific purpose in terms of desired audience behavior

a variety of english that includes words and phrases used by a specific ethnic group

words or phrases used uniquely by speakers in one part of a country

the specialized language of a profession

language used by speakers during momentous or overwhelming times

leaving out a word or phrase the listener expects to hear

reversing the normal word order of a phrase or sentence

reversing the normal word order of a phrase or sentence

the rhythm of language

the process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior

a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something;likes and dislikes

an enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong.

refers to credibility

logic; the formal set of rules to reach a conclusion

refers to appeals to human emotion

the internal force that drives people to achieve their goals

The theory that people can be persuaded by logic, evidence and reasoning, or through a more peripheral route that may depend credibility of.

from ELM, to think about information,ideas, and issues related to the content of a message

persuasion that occurs when audience members critically examine evidence and arguments w/elaboration;facts;evidence and logic

persuasion that occurs when audience examine without elaboration; relying on intuitive feeling

The sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new info conflicts w/ previously organized thought patterns

self actualization,esteem needs, belongingness and love needs,safety needs, physiological needs

the need to achieve one's highest potential

a good result or something that creates positive feeling for the listener

a characteristic of something you are describing

a theory that categorizes listener responses to a persuasive message according to the latitude of acceptance, rejection, and non commitment

a statement with which you want your audience to agree

focuses on whether something is true or false or whether it did or did not happen

calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something

advocates a change in a policy,procedure,or behavior