chapter 7

What does being an obligate aerobe mean?

what does being a Facultative Anaerobe mean?

What does being Microaerophilic mean?

What does being anaerobe mean?

what does being obligate anaerobe mean?

What does Aerotolerant Anaerobes mean?

Most cells have developed enzymes to neutralize what chemicals?

What happens when a microbe is not capable of dealing with toxic oxygen?

As oxygen is utilized it is transformed into what several toxic products?

Obligate aerobes need what?

Microaerophilic have O2 levels between...

What aerobic organism can use anaerobic respiration or fermentation?

what anaerobe can have some O2 in environment and has some of the enzymes that rid of the bad oxidizers, Lactobacillus

What cannot use O2 and cannot tolerate it in the environment?

Large rod-shaped, Gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, usually lives in soil, forms endospores

Pathogenic forms-plasmid with code for anthrax toxins. Ingestion-not so serious. Cutaneous- eschars, can produce toxemia.

What causes toxemia?

What toxin prevents muscular contractions?

Gram positive, bacilus, anaerobic, endospore former

Is Bacillus anthracis gram positive or gram negative?

Is bacillus anthracis aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic?

What causes tetanus?

Is Clostridium gram positive or negative?

Is Clostridium obligate anaerobe or aerobic?

Gram positive bacillus, obligate anaerobe, endospore-former. Causes tetanus

Capnophile..

What grows better at higher CO2 tensions than normally present in the atmosphere

All microbes require what in their metabolism?

Neutrophils..

What microorganisms grow at a pH of 6-8?

What grows at extreme acid pH?

What grows at extreme alkaline pH?

Alkalinophiles live in soils and waters..true or false

What is the only human pathogen that can live at pH greater than 8 (funny shaped cell and has 2 BIG chromosomes

Vibrio cholerae is a Acidophile or a Alkalinophile?

What was the first thing Barry Marshall do to apply Koch's Postulates to demonstrate that Heliobacter pylori cause ulcers?

What was the second thing Barry Marshall do to apply Koch's Postulates to demonstrate that Heliobacter pylori cause ulcers?

What was the third thing Barry Marshall do to apply Koch's Postulates to demonstrate that Heliobacter pylori cause ulcers?

Most microbes exist under what conditions

What require a high concentration of salt?

What does not require high concentrations of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs?

What is Isotonic?

What does it mean when solutions on either side of a semi-permeable membrane have the same solute concentration?

What is Hypertonic?

What is it called when solution with higher concentration of solutes relative to that on the other side of the membrance?

What is hypotonic?

What is it called when a solution has a lower concentration on one side of the membrance?

What is a Barophile?

What can survive under extreme pressure and will rupture if exposed to normal atmospheric pressure

Chlamydomonas nivalis grows on Alaskan glaciers and its photosynthetic pigments give the snow a red crust. This organism is..

What is symbiotic

What organisms live in close nutritional relationships and are required by one or both membranes?

What are nonsymbiotic organisms?

What organisms are free living and don't require relationships for survival?

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Symbiotic break downs...

Synergism

Antagonism

Nonsymbiotic break downs...

What inhibits the human body that is commensal, parasitic, and synergistic relationships?

What results when organisms attach to a substrate by some form of extracellular matri that binds them together in complex organized layers?

Quorum Sensing

Biofilms do nothing to help with structure of most natural environments on earth..true or false?

What two levels does microbial growth occur?

Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly through what?

What happens during Binary Fission?

What is the time required for a complete fission cycle called?

What is exponential growth

Generation times vary from minutes to days. True or False?

What is the equation for calculating the polulation size over time?

What does N(f) mean?

What does N(i) mean?

What does the exponent n means?

What does 2(n) mean?

Escherichia coli has a doubling time of 20 min. If there are 5 cells at the beginning of the experiment, how many will there be in 3 hours?

What is this called: populations typically display a predictable pattern over time

What phase is concidered the "flat" period of adjustment, enlargement, little growth

What is the period of Maximum growth called when the growth continues as long as cells have adequate nutrients and a favorable environment?

What is the phase called where the rate of cells is equal to the rate of cell death

What causes cell death during the Stationary Phase?

What is the phase called that as limiting factors intensify, cells die exponentially

What are the 4 phases in the populations growth curve?

What is the most simple method for Analyzing population growth?

What is the study that shows the degree of cloudiness, turbidity, reflects the relative population size called?

What does Enumeration of bacteria show?