PSYCHOLOGY 4 & 5

Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of making a protein.

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.

gives clues to our uniqueness.

twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organism's.

twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers or sisters but they share a fetal environment

Personality, Intelligence, Abilities, Attitudes, Interest, Fears, Brain Waves, Heart Rate

Biological parents and siblings

Adoptive parents and siblings

refer's to a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and diversity

The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes; seeks to identify specific genes influencing behavior

Study of why we as humans are alike.

the process of through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce.

rules for accepted and excepted behavior

composed of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group and transmitted from one generation to the next.

giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identities

giving priority to goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly

female and male chromosome

male only chromosome

Most important male sex hormone

expectations of how men and women are supposed to believe

how a person views himself/herself in terms of gender

assume that we learn gender behaviors by observing and imitating significant others and by being rewarded/punished

incorporating new experiences into our understanding

process of adjusting and modifying a schema

concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

fear of strangers developed at 8 mos

emotional tie with another person

child comfortable when mother is present

child is not concerned when mother is present or upset when she leaves

focuses on on how people are continuously developing from birth to old age

nature/nurture, continuity/stages, stability/change

fertilized egg

zygote attaches to wall

9 weeks old, embryo looks like human

harmful bacteria to unborn baby (alcohol, smoke, crack)

Outer cells of zygote that attach to the uterine wall

defects from drinking mom

Decreased responsiveness with continuous stimulation

Standing->Walking->Babbling->Talking

The timing of social events; marriage, parenthood, retirement, etc.

The knowledge and verbal skills that we accumulate; increases with age

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases in late adulthood

Study in which the same people are restudied over a long period of time

Study in which people of different ages are compared with each other

Teens and 20s

Deterioration of memory then reasoning.

mental erosion

18-mid 20s

the "we" oof our self concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships

sense of self that identifies a person after testing and integrating various roles

Infancy 1 year, Toddler 1-2 years, Preschooler 3-5, Elementary 6-puberty, Adolescence teen to 20s, Young adulthood 20s-60s mid 60s late 60+

Preconventional, conventional, and Post conventional

transition period from childhood to adulthood including puberty and independence

Authoritative (Normal), Permissive (Lazy), Authoritarian (Dictator)

understanding and evaluation of who we are

sense that world is reliable and predictable

Secure and insecure

Sensorimotor birth-2, Propentional 2-7, Concrete operational 7-11, Formal operations 12 and older

inability to remember early childhood