BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR - history

34 cards·by dorsalena

Hippocrates viewpoints

Contralateral characteristics, difference between mental/neurological Cephalocentrist Theory: The brain is the key to all mental processes

PLATO

Presocratic Theory: 3 Parts of brain, intellectual irascible concupiscence

ARISTOTLE

cardiocentrist theory: brain is useless, heart is the key to all processes

Who started dissecting drunk people for the first time?

Herophilus and Erasistratus brothers

What is Herophilus and Erasistratus discover?

distinguished brain from cerebellum, nerves from blood vessels, nerves, ventricles, GYRI PROPORTIONAL TO INTELLIGENCE

most important discovery of herophilus and erasistratus?

more grey matter = more intelligent , seat of processes found in ventricles(gyri)

WHO IS GALEN

father of cerebral physiology, proved cardiocentrist theory wrong

who introduced experimentation to the brain via animals?

galen

Psychic Gases and Humours Theory - GALEN

brain fluid allows the brain to interact with the rest of the body

what is the cell/ventricle doctrine? /WHO?

mental/spiritual function localized in VENTRICLES/galen

who was the first to take a guess at localization?

bishop of emeso

When was the beginning of empirical science?

16th century

what did vesalius do?

drew a picture of the brain localized

what did rene descartes think ?

mind/body are separate, bodies are machines that respond to outside stimuli

what question did rene descartes ask?

how does the mind/body interact? (we process outside info and respond to it)

what did rene descartes think about the pineal gland?

tilts due to mind, moves ventricle fluid to nerves, controlling body (only have 1 pineal gland, we can only produce one thought at a time)

who introduced the idea of Localization, Cranioscopy?

Joseph Franz Gall

What are skull prominences?

the more the trait is developed, the bigger the bumps on your head

Who created the response to Phrenology?

FLOURENS

what did flourens think?

loss of a function is due to the AMOUNT of damage, not WHERE it is damaged

Holistic Theory of Brain ? /who?

Several areas of the brain get together to carry out one function / flourens

equipotentiality of brain tissue theory / who?

if there is enough intact tissue after brain damage, the remaining tissue will TRY tocompensate and take over function/flourens

who used the ablation technique

flourens (remove a part of the brain, see what subject can still do)

thoughts of bouillaud?

left hemisphere responsible for language

what did paul broca do?

first to present PROOF for localization (TAM TAM), brocas area: language

karl brodmann?

cell architecture in cortex

antony van leeuwenhoek?

used COMPOUND MICROSCOPE , studied neuron

what did camillo golgi do?

used the silver chromate method(golgi stain) to view neurons and identified SOMA and NEURITES(things protruding from soma)

who thought of the reticular doctrine/what is it?

neuritis of different cells are fused together to form continuous network , CAMILLO GOLGI

neuron doctrine?

ramón cajal 1) the neurone is the elementary functional unit of brain, 2) neurone communicate through contact not continuity

how did cajal say neurons communicate?

electrochemicaly

who noticed the effect of the electrical current in detached frog's legs?

luigi galvani

what happens when a current meets the gap between two neurons?

the electrical signal is converted to a chemical signal and then back to electrical

what would happen if you put two hearts in connected saline solution?

one heart being stimulated affects the other heart too, (VAGUS NERVE RELEASING VAGUS STUFF (neurotransmitters)