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Psychology Test 2
46 cards·by lilerika
Consciousness
sensory awareness of the environment
Repression
the unconscious ejection of anxiety
Suppression
to stop thinking about unacceptable ideas or distractions
Circadian Rhythm
a cycle that is connected with the 24 hour period of the earth's rotation
Insomnia
persistent problems falling and staying asleep
Sleep Apnea
temporary absence of breathing while sleeping
Narcolepsy
a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly
Stimulants
a drug that increases activity of the nervous system
Depressants
a drug that lowers the rate of activity of the nervous system
Hallucinogenics
a substance that causes hallucinations
Opioids
chemicals that act on opiate receptors
Opiates
a group of narcotics derived from the opium poppy
Alcohol
the effects of alcohol vary with the dose and duration of use
Learning
a permanent change in behavior that arises from the practice or experience
Classic Conditioning
a simple form of learning in which organisms come to anticipate with one another
Ivan Pavlov
demonstrated classical conditioning with his research in learning with dogs
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
elicits an unconditioned response
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
an unlearned response that occurs naturally
Conditioned Stimulus
a neutral stimulus that triggers when paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Response
a learned response to a conditioned stimulus
John Watson
demonstrated that emotional reactions can be acquired through classic conditioning
Operant Conditioning
a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behavior b/c its reinforced
B.F. Skinner
added info to the learning theory
Punishment
happens after bad behavior
Shaping
reinforces progressive steps toward the behavioral goal
E.C. Tolman
promoted the concept known as latent learning, showed that rats also learn about their
environment
Positive Reinforces
a reinforcer that when presented increases the frequency
Negative Reinforces
a reinforcer that when removed increases the frequency
Memory
when info is encoded,stored and retrieved
Encoding
the first stage of information processing
Storage
maintaining information over time
Retrieval
the location of stored information
Sensory Memory
the stage of memory that is first encountered by a stimulus
Maintenance Rehearsal
mental repetition of information to keep it in memory
Long-Term Memory
the third stage of information processing
Working Memory
another term for short-term memory
Retrograde
memory lapses before physical trauma
Anterograde Amnesia
memory lapses after physical trauma
Retrieval Cue
a stimuli that helps you retrieve a certain memory
Forgetting
inability to access memory
Flashbulb Memory
preserve experiences in detail
Semantic Memory
general knowledge
Hippocampus
the formation of new memories
Explicit Memory
memory for specific information
Albert Bandura
conducted experiments that show that we can acquire skills by observational learning
Chunking
info that must be kept in short-term memory