GPY Exam 2

a classification system that is sometimes understood as arising from visually different human populations

a group of people who share a common ancestry and culteral traditions, often living in mainority groups in larger societies

the adoption by an ethnic group of enough of the way of the host society to be able to function economically and socialy

the complete blending of an ethnic group into the host society resulting in the loss of all distinctive ethnic traits

sizable area inhabited by an ethnic minority that shows strong sense of attachment to the region and often exervcises some sort of control

a small ethnic area in the rural countryside

regional cultural distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland

a voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice

an area within a city where an ethnic group lives, either by choice or by force

a particulat area outside the central city where a particular ethnic group has decided to settle

the tendenct of people to migrate along channels, over a period of time, from specific source areas to specific destinations

forced displacement of a population, by government policy, warfare , ethnic cleansing, disease, natural disaster, or enslavement

the removal of unwanted ethnic minority population from a nation-state through mass killing, deportation, or imprisonment

type of ethnic diffusion that involves the voluntary movement of a group of migrants back to its ancestral or native country or homeland

process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose certain aspects of their traditional culture in process of moving, new culture less complex

the diliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group

adaptive trairs and skills developed duringmigration by a group, giving it survival ability and competitive advantage to new environment

inadequate adaptation the occurs when a group trys a starategy in short term fails or in long term kill the environment

targeting areas where ethnic/racial minorities live with respect to environmental contamination/failure to enforce environmental regulation

a readily visible marker of ethnicity on the landscape

customary behaviors associated with food preparation and consumption

study of spatial & ecoloical aspects of political behavior, nationalism & independentcountry to voting patterns, sectionalism,reg

a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries

the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference

learned cultural European response that produced the external bounding and internal territorial organization characteristic of modern states

forceful approch on a territory by a distant state, often involving the displacement of indigenous populations to make way 4 colonial setlrs

a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a county

a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country

a strip of territory, traditionally one day’s March of infantry, that served as a boundary zone for independent countries in premodern times

an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries

a small weak country dominated by one powerful neighbor to the extent that some or most of its independence is lost

a political border that follows some feature of the natural environment, such as a river of mountain ridge

a political boundary that follows some cultural border, such as a linguistic or religious border

a political border drawn in a regular, geometric manner, often a straight line, without regard for environmental or cultural patterns

a former political border that no longer functions as a boundary

an independent state that concentrates power in the central government and grants little authority to the provinces

an independent country that gives considerable powers and even autonomy to its constituent parts

the sense of belonging to and self-identification with a national culture

any factor that supports the internal unity of a county

any force that supports the internal unity of a country

a group of independent countries joined together for purposes of mutual interest

when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political-economic entity

agreement made among geographically proximate countries that reduce trade barriers in order to better compete with other regional markers

the study of the interactions among space, place, and region and the conduct and results of elections

the drawing of electoral district boundaries in an awkward pattern to enhance the voting impact of one constituency at the expense of anothe

an independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group

a political-geographic model suggesting that persistent regional patterns in voting behavior can be explained by one group agaist the other

the influence of the habitat on political entities

a stronghold area with natural defensive qualities, useful in the defense of a country against invaders

a 1904 proposal by Mackinder that the key to world conquest lay in control of the interior of Eurasia

the interior of a sizable landmass, removed from maritime connections; in particular, the interior of the Eurasian continent

the maritime fringe of a country or continent; in particular, the western, southern, and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent

social system-set of beliefs and practices through which people seek harmony with the universe and attempt to influence the forces of life

a religion that actively seeks converts and has the goal of converting all humankind

also called proselytic religions, they expand through active conversion of new members and aim to encompass all of humankind

a religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group; does not seek converts

the worship of only one god

the worship of many gods

religions, or strands within religions, that combine elements of two or more belief systems

a strand within most major religions that emphasizes purity of faith and is not open to blending with other religions

movement to return to the founding principles of a religion- sacred texts, fallow in ways of founders

the belief that inanimate objects, such as trees, rocks, and rivers, possess souls

a focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread

the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment

the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment

theory there is one interacting planetary ecosystem, Gaia, that includes all living things & the land, water, & atmosphere in which they liv