psych

The selection organization and interpretation of sensory input

transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays falling on the retina

occurs when the curvature of the lens adjusts to alter visual focus

Cloudy lens

opening in the center of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passin into the rear chamber

the neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye it absorbs ligh processes images and sends visual info to the brain

blind spot in retina

specialized visual receptors that play a key role in daylight vision and color vision/provide better visual acuity

a tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cons, visual acuity greatest at this spot

Speacialized cisual receptors that play key role in night vision/ peripheral vision

the process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

the process in which the eyes become less sensitive to the light in high illumination

a collection of axons that connect the eye with the brain

the retinal area that when stimulated affects the firing of that cell

the point at which the axons from the inside half of each eye cross over and project to the opposite half of the brain

where visual signals are processed

neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli

processes where objects are

where objects are

works by removing some wavelengths of light, leaving less light then originally there

works by super imposing lights putting more lights into the mixture then exists in any one light by itself

encompasses a variety of deficiencies in the ability to distinguish among colors

a drawing compatiblewith two different interpretations that can shift back and forth

a readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way

invaolves the failure to see fully visible objects or events in a visual display because ones attention is focused elsewhere

the process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling them into a more complex form

a progression from individual elements to the whole

a progression from the whole to the elements

the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid sucession

things are near one another seem to belong together

mind completes things with gaps in them

group stimuli that are similar

an inference about what fomr could be responsible for a patter of sensory stimulation

involves interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are

clues about distances based on the differing views of the two eyes

refers to the fact that objects within 25 feet project images to slightly different locations on the right/left retinas so the right and lef

clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

cues about distance that can be given in a flat picture

cues about distance that can be given in a flat picture

a tendency to experience a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input

involves an apparent inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of two visual stimulus and its physical reality

vibration of molecules in air

hz

dB

fluid-filled coiled tunnel that contains the receptors for hearing

runs the length of the spiraled cochlea holds auditory receptors called hair cells

holds that perception of pitch corresponds to the vibration of different portions or places a long the basilar membrane

holds that perception of pitch corresponds to the rate or frequency at which the entire basilar membrane vibrates

locating the source of a sound in space

the awareness of internal/external stimuli

monitors brain activity

24 hour cycles found in humans and many other species

records muscular activity and tension

records eye movements

records the contractions of the heart

lasts 10-12 minutes(light sleep)

relaxation (10-25 minutes of light sleep)

Deep sleep (delta waves)(20-40 minutes)

deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movement high frequency brain waves and dreaming

consists of stages 1-3 low dreaming no eye movement h

chronic problems in getting adequate sleep that results in daytime fatigue and impaired functioning

a diesease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods

Involves frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep

sleep waling occurs when a person arises and wanders about remaining asleep

marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility

a splitting off of mental processes into two separate simultaneous streams of awareness

refers to a family of practices that trains attention to heighten awarness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

chemical substances that modify mental, emotional or behavioral functioning

are drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain

sleep inducing drugs that tend to decrease CNS activation and behavioral activity

drugs that tend to increase CNS activation and behavioral activity

diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most notably by distortions in sensory and per

the hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish and THC are derived

encompasses variety of beverages containing ethyl

refers to a progressive decrease in a persons responsiveness to a drug as a result of continued use

exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness

exists when a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving

any relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience

involves learning associations between events that occur in an organisms environment

a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus

this learning process called classical conditioning

a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning

an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning

a previously neutral stimulus that has throughout conditioning acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response

a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning

classical conditioning cosists of any presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli

refers to changes in the liking of a stimulus that result from pairing that stimulus with other positive or negative stimuli

refers to the initial stage of learning a new response tendency

The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non exposure to the conditioned stimulus

a response is extinguished in a different environment than it was acquired the extinguished response will reappear if the animal is returne

occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar

when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar

which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus

a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences

occurs when an event following a response increases an organisms tendency to make that reponse

to send forth

the circumstances or rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation or reinforces

creates a graphic record of responding and reinforcement in a skinner box as a function of time

the reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response

occurs when an organism continues to make a response after delivery of the reinforcer for it has been terminated

cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences of a response

events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs

occurs when a response is strengthened because it is following by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus

Occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus

Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief amount of time usually only a fracion of a second

an orgaized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience

consits of nodes representing concepts joined together by pathways that link related concepts