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Unit 1 Review
A &P
340 cards·by ochesnakova
ch 13
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Physiology
Is the science of body functions; how the body works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development of an individual after fertilization of a human egg.
Developmental Biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Cell Biology
Cellular structure and functions.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Surface Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and
palpitation (gentle touch).
Radiographic Anatomy
Body structures visualized by x-ray.
Pathological Anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease (gross to microscopic).
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control functions.
Immunology
Body's defenses against disease.
Respiratory Physiology
Functions of the air passageway and lungs.
Pathophysiology
Changes associated with disease and dying.
Levels of structural Organization and Body Systems
Chemical Level
Metabolism
Is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells and/or an
increase in the number of cells.
Differentiation
Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized cell (stem cells).
Reproduction
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid within cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial Fluid
Fills narrow spaces between cells and tissues.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial Fluid
Fluid in joints.
Aqueous Humor & Vitreous Body
ECF of the eye.
Feedback System or feedback loop
Is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitores
Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends output to control center (The Nurse).
Control Center
Evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands (The Doctor).
Effector
Receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled condition (The Pharmacist).
Negative Feedback System
Reverses a change in a controlled condition. ie
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. ie
Anatomical Position
Subject stands erect facing the observer
Superior (cephalic or cranial)
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to or at the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to or at the back of the body.
Medial
Nearer to the midline.
Lateral
Farther from the midline (ex
Intermediate
Between two structures.
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex. the humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the
radius).
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex
Superficial (External)
Toward or on the surface of the body.
Deep (Internal)
Away from the surface of the body.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body into equal right and left sides.
Parasagittal Plane
Unequal right and left sides.
Frontal Plane (coronal Plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain.
Vertebral Canal (Spinal)
Contains the Spinal Cord.
Meninges
Shock-absorbing fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Chest.
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
Pleural Cavity
Each surrounds the lung
Mediastinum
Central part of Thoracic cavity; between the lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Physiology
Is the science of body functions; how the body works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development of an individual after fertilization of a human egg.
Developmental Biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Cell Biology
Cellular structure and functions.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Surface Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and
palpitation (gentle touch).
Radiographic Anatomy
Body structures visualized by x-ray.
Pathological Anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease (gross to microscopic).
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control functions.
Immunology
Body's defenses against disease.
Respiratory Physiology
Functions of the air passageway and lungs.
Pathophysiology
Changes associated with disease and dying.
Levels of structural Organization and Body Systems
Chemical Level
Metabolism
Is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells and/or an
increase in the number of cells.
Differentiation
Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized cell (stem cells).
Reproduction
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid within cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial Fluid
Fills narrow spaces between cells and tissues.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial Fluid
Fluid in joints.
Aqueous Humor & Vitreous Body
ECF of the eye.
Feedback System or feedback loop
Is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitores
Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends output to control center (The Nurse).
Control Center
Evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands (The Doctor).
Effector
Receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled condition (The Pharmacist).
Negative Feedback System
Reverses a change in a controlled condition. ie
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. ie
Anatomical Position
Subject stands erect facing the observer
Superior (cephalic or cranial)
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to or at the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to or at the back of the body.
Medial
Nearer to the midline.
Lateral
Farther from the midline (ex
Intermediate
Between two structures.
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex. the humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the
radius).
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex
Superficial (External)
Toward or on the surface of the body.
Deep (Internal)
Away from the surface of the body.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body into equal right and left sides.
Parasagittal Plane
Unequal right and left sides.
Frontal Plane (coronal Plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain.
Vertebral Canal (Spinal)
Contains the Spinal Cord.
Meninges
Shock-absorbing fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Chest.
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
Pleural Cavity
Each surrounds the lung
Mediastinum
Central part of Thoracic cavity; between the lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.
1. Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Physiology
Is the science of body functions; how the body works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development of an individual after fertilization of a human egg.
Developmental Biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Cell Biology
Cellular structure and functions.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Surface Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and
palpitation (gentle touch).
Radiographic Anatomy
Body structures visualized by x-ray.
Pathological Anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease (gross to microscopic).
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control functions.
Immunology
Body's defenses against disease.
Respiratory Physiology
Functions of the air passageway and lungs.
Pathophysiology
Changes associated with disease and dying.
Levels of structural Organization and Body Systems
Chemical Level
Metabolism
Is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells and/or an
increase in the number of cells.
Differentiation
Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized cell (stem cells).
Reproduction
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid within cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial Fluid
Fills narrow spaces between cells and tissues.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial Fluid
Fluid in joints.
Aqueous Humor & Vitreous Body
ECF of the eye.
Feedback System or feedback loop
Is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitores
Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends output to control center (The Nurse).
Control Center
Evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands (The Doctor).
Effector
Receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled condition (The Pharmacist).
Negative Feedback System
Reverses a change in a controlled condition. ie
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. ie
Anatomical Position
Subject stands erect facing the observer
Superior (cephalic or cranial)
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to or at the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to or at the back of the body.
Medial
Nearer to the midline.
Lateral
Farther from the midline (ex
Intermediate
Between two structures.
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex. the humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the
radius).
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex
Superficial (External)
Toward or on the surface of the body.
Deep (Internal)
Away from the surface of the body.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body into equal right and left sides.
Parasagittal Plane
Unequal right and left sides.
Frontal Plane (coronal Plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain.
Vertebral Canal (Spinal)
Contains the Spinal Cord.
Meninges
Shock-absorbing fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Chest.
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
Pleural Cavity
Each surrounds the lung
Mediastinum
Central part of Thoracic cavity; between the lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Physiology
Is the science of body functions; how the body works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development of an individual after fertilization of a human egg.
Developmental Biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Cell Biology
Cellular structure and functions.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Surface Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and
palpitation (gentle touch).
Radiographic Anatomy
Body structures visualized by x-ray.
Pathological Anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease (gross to microscopic).
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control functions.
Immunology
Body's defenses against disease.
Respiratory Physiology
Functions of the air passageway and lungs.
Pathophysiology
Changes associated with disease and dying.
Levels of structural Organization and Body Systems
Chemical Level
Metabolism
Is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells and/or an
increase in the number of cells.
Differentiation
Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized cell (stem cells).
Reproduction
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid within cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial Fluid
Fills narrow spaces between cells and tissues.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial Fluid
Fluid in joints.
Aqueous Humor & Vitreous Body
ECF of the eye.
Feedback System or feedback loop
Is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitores
Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends output to control center (The Nurse).
Control Center
Evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands (The Doctor).
Effector
Receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled condition (The Pharmacist).
Negative Feedback System
Reverses a change in a controlled condition. ie
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. ie
Anatomical Position
Subject stands erect facing the observer
Superior (cephalic or cranial)
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to or at the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to or at the back of the body.
Medial
Nearer to the midline.
Lateral
Farther from the midline (ex
Intermediate
Between two structures.
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex. the humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the
radius).
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex
Superficial (External)
Toward or on the surface of the body.
Deep (Internal)
Away from the surface of the body.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body into equal right and left sides.
Parasagittal Plane
Unequal right and left sides.
Frontal Plane (coronal Plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain.
Vertebral Canal (Spinal)
Contains the Spinal Cord.
Meninges
Shock-absorbing fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Chest.
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
Pleural Cavity
Each surrounds the lung
Mediastinum
Central part of Thoracic cavity; between the lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Anatomy
Is the science of structures and the relationship among them.
Physiology
Is the science of body functions; how the body works.
Embryology
The first eight weeks of development of an individual after fertilization of a human egg.
Developmental Biology
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Cell Biology
Cellular structure and functions.
Histology
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be examined without a microscope.
Systemic Anatomy
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Surface Anatomy
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and
palpitation (gentle touch).
Radiographic Anatomy
Body structures visualized by x-ray.
Pathological Anatomy
Structural changes associated with disease (gross to microscopic).
Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cells.
Endocrinology
Hormones and how they control functions.
Immunology
Body's defenses against disease.
Respiratory Physiology
Functions of the air passageway and lungs.
Pathophysiology
Changes associated with disease and dying.
Levels of structural Organization and Body Systems
Chemical Level
Metabolism
Is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Anabolism
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller
Responsiveness
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
Movement
Includes motion of the whole body
Growth
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells and/or an
increase in the number of cells.
Differentiation
Is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized cell (stem cells).
Reproduction
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
The fluid within cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
The fluid outside body cells.
Interstitial Fluid
Fills narrow spaces between cells and tissues.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord.
Synovial Fluid
Fluid in joints.
Aqueous Humor & Vitreous Body
ECF of the eye.
Feedback System or feedback loop
Is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitores
Receptor
Monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends output to control center (The Nurse).
Control Center
Evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands (The Doctor).
Effector
Receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that changes the
controlled condition (The Pharmacist).
Negative Feedback System
Reverses a change in a controlled condition. ie
Positive Feedback System
Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. ie
Anatomical Position
Subject stands erect facing the observer
Superior (cephalic or cranial)
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head
Anterior (ventral)
Nearer to or at the front of the body.
Posterior (dorsal)
Nearer to or at the back of the body.
Medial
Nearer to the midline.
Lateral
Farther from the midline (ex
Intermediate
Between two structures.
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
Contralateral
On the opposite side of the body.
Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex. the humerus (arm bone) is proximal to the
radius).
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk (ex
Superficial (External)
Toward or on the surface of the body.
Deep (Internal)
Away from the surface of the body.
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body into equal right and left sides.
Parasagittal Plane
Unequal right and left sides.
Frontal Plane (coronal Plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Body Cavities
Spaces within the body that help protect
Cranial Cavity
Contains the Brain.
Vertebral Canal (Spinal)
Contains the Spinal Cord.
Meninges
Shock-absorbing fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Chest.
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart.
Pleural Cavity
Each surrounds the lung
Mediastinum
Central part of Thoracic cavity; between the lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.